New Delhi: Stephen Hawking, one of the great scientists of the world, whose 80th birthday is today. He was born on this day on 8 January 1942. He had a disease called motor neuron. He came under the grip of this terrible disease at the age of 21. Due to this disease, the nervous system of man gradually gets destroyed and the body’s movement and communication power ends. The doctors had also said that he would not be able to live more than two years. But while living for more than 50 years, Hawking proved his doctors’ predictions wrong. Let us tell you that except Stephen Hawking’s brain, no part of his body worked. Despite his physical disability, he was among the greatest scientists in the world.
On the occasion of birthday, let us know some important research of Stephen Hawking.
Theory of Singularity
During this research, Stephen Hawking came to know that the Big-Bang is actually the reverse collapse of the black hole. He published a paper in 1970 with Penrose. Hawking showed that general relativity meant that the universe must have started at the center (singularity) of a black hole. This principle was used for the entire universe and stated that gravity produces singularity. Hawking also pointed out that the prediction of singularity by Einstein’s theory was the Big Bang Theory.
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Laws of Black Hole Mechanics
This theory is one of the important theories of Stephen Hawking. According to his first theory, the total surface area of a black hole will never be smaller. This theory is also known as Hawking area theorem. On the other hand, according to another theory, black holes are hot. But this is a paradox of classical physics, which states that black holes do not radiate heat.
Hawking’s another black hole theory is the “no hair” theorem, which states that black holes can have features. Black holes emit radiation, which can continue until they exhaust their energy and evaporate. It is also called Hawking radiation. Notably, Hawking received the prestigious Gravity Research Foundation Award in January 1971 for his essay titled “Black Holes”.
Cosmic Inflation Theory
This theory was given by Alan Guth in the year 1980 and was that in physical cosmology, cosmic inflation is the theory in which the universe expands shortly after the Big Bang. Furthermore, Hawking is the first scientist to calculate quantum fluctuations and show that the distribution of matter changes less, that is, during inflation it can lead to the spread of galaxies in the universe.
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Model of the Universe on the Wave Function
Stephen Hawking was interested in establishing a quantum theory of gravity, but with James Hartle he published the Hartle–Hawking state model in 1983. Hawking’s theory states that time did not exist before the Big Bang. Therefore the concept of the beginning of the universe is meaningless. There is no initial limit in time or space in the universe.
Book: A Brief History of Time
In the book ‘A Brief History of Time’ by scientist Stephen Hawking, he has written about cosmological cosmologies such as the Big Bang Theory and black holes. The first edition of this book was published in 1988. The book was a Sunday Times best seller for 237 consecutive weeks. Because of which this book was included in the ‘Guinness Book of World Records’. The book has sold 10 million copies and has been translated into 40 different languages.
top-down theory
Stephen Hawking, together with Thomas Hertog, proposed a theory called “top-down cosmology” in 2006. which states that the universe did not have a unique initial state, but consisted of a multitude of possible initial conditions. Regarding this theory, Hawking says that there is a force like gravity in the universe, so he can create new creations, for that he does not need the help of any power like God.
death
Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s great scientists, was always in the discussion about his new theory. Hawking, who was suffering from illness since the age of 21, did many major research despite his physical disability. One such successful scientist died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76.